Por Amir Fleischmann , originalmente publicado na Jacobin Magazine
O pensamento por trás do “conservadorismo fiscal” e as medidas de austeridade sustentam que os programas governamentais são ineficientes, por isso devemos tentar reduzir os gastos governamentais, privatizar os ativos e baixar os impostos. Dizem-nos que acabar com a falta de moradia, oferecendo cuidados infantis universais, cuidados de saúde ou ensino superior são políticas irrealistas que exigem gastos muito além dos nossos meios.
Na realidade, porém, os argumentos dos conservadores fiscais – economia de dinheiro, eficiência, menos gastos do governo – não se alinham com as políticas que eles estão tentando implementar. O conservadorismo fiscal é um mito, porque cortar programas governamentais não reduz de fato os gastos governamentais.
Há uma teoria bem conhecida da economia apresentada a nós por Terry Pratchett em seu livro Men at Arms, através de um personagem chamado Vimes. A teoria é basicamente que ser pobre é mais caro do que ser rico.
“Veja a questão das botas, por exemplo. [Vimes] ganhou trinta e oito dólares por mês mais benefícios. Um bom par de botas de couro custa cinquenta dólares. Mas um par de botas acessíveis, que foram tipo de OK para uma temporada ou duas e, em seguida, vazaram como o diabo quando as solas gastaram , custa cerca de dez dólares. Esse era o tipo de botas que Vimes sempre comprava e usava até que as solas ficassem tão finas que ele poderia dizer onde estava … em uma noite de nevoeiro pela sensação dos paralelepípedos. Mas o lance era que as boas botas duraram anos e anos. Um homem que podia pagar cinquenta dólares tinha um par de botas que ainda estariam mantendo seus pés secos em dez anos, enquanto o pobre homem que só podia pagar botas baratas tinha gastado cem dólares em botas no mesmo período e Ainda teria pés molhados.”
O conservadorismo fiscal está tentando nos fazer comprar as botas baratas – e isso nos faz gastar mais dinheiro do que se tivéssemos comprado as botas boas, em primeiro lugar.
Muitos programas sociais que os conservadores fiscais defendem o corte foram criados para realmente economizar dinheiro do governo a longo prazo.
Vejamos a oferta de habitação a preços acessíveis e abrigos adequados, a fim de acabar com a falta de moradia como um exemplo. Nos raros momentos em que tais políticas são discutidas, dizem-nos que a oferta pública de habitação a preços acessíveis e os abrigos são muito caros para serem executáveis.
Mas a pesquisa acadêmica mostrou que o desabrigo é realmente muito mais caro, porque os sem-teto tendem a custar ao governo uma grande quantidade de dinheiro nos serviços de saúde pública e de justiça criminal. Na verdade, as pessoas que vivem sem abrigo tendem a custar US $ 3.810 por pessoa por ano maior do que o cidadão médio em termos de serviços de justiça e US $ 10.217 por pessoa maior do que o cidadão médio em termos de serviços de saúde. O custo de programas de apoio a sem-teto variam de um par de mil dólares para pouco mais de US $ 14.000 por pessoa anualmente.
Deixar de lado qualquer obrigação moral que possamos ter para ajudar os sem-teto – falhar em lidar de forma significativa com a falta de moradia é a política mais onerosa. Simplesmente não podemos permitir a austeridade.
A mesma lógica aplica-se à assistência i universal à infância . Enquanto os conservadores fiscais nos dizem que não podemos nos dar ao luxo de creches de qualidade para todos , a verdade é que não podemos nos dar ao luxo de não tê-la.
Dados econômicos nos mostram que a prestação universal de cuidados infantis na verdade economiza dinheiro do governo. Isso ocorre porque sem ele, a assistência à infância se torna tão cara que muitos pais enfrentam a impossível escolha entre trabalhar durante o dia ou cuidar de seu filho. Um dos pais ( quase sempre mães) muitas vezes precisa ficar em casa e cuidar da criança. Se essa pessoa é um único pai, eles podem ter que ir para a assistência social.
Ao oferecer cuidados infantis universais, o governo permite que mais pais entrem na força de trabalho, saem da assistência social e gerem renda tributável. Enquanto o programa de assistência à infância em Quebec está longe de ser perfeito, ficou claro que para “cada dólar [eles] investir, eles recuperam $ 1,05.”
Há uma ladainha de casos semelhantes: porque cada estado gasta mais dinheiro por detento do que por estudante? Programas que mantêm as pessoas fora da prisão, dando-lhes o apoio social que precisam custam muito menos do que prisão, mas os conservadores fiscais estão sempre nos dizendo para viver dentro de nossos meios. Os gastos com programas sociais também geram mais crescimento econômico do que os cortes de impostos para os ricos, porque as pessoas de baixa renda são mais propensas a gastar seu dinheiro (gerando um efeito de crescimento), enquanto as pessoas ricas simplesmente colocam seu dinheiro no banco, Fora da circulação na economia.
Apoiar programas sociais reduz os gastos do governo a longo prazo. No entanto, os conservadores fiscais e os neoliberais continuam a insistir na implementação de políticas de austeridade que nos prejudicam a todos.
Isso não é porque eles não estão cientes de como os cortes nos orçamentos de gastos sociais se abalam a longo prazo. Eles estão menos preocupados com quais políticas são ideologicamente consistentes ou financeiramente sólidas e mais preocupadas em evitar o tipo de redistribuição de riqueza e poder de cima para baixo que o aumento dos gastos sociais proporciona.
Se custa um pouco mais ao longo do tempo estruturar orçamentos desta forma, que seja: gastar mais em par depois de par de sapatos baratos vale a pena se os sapatos são tão de má qualidade que a classe trabalhadora não pode chutar o seu rabo com eles.
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In un epoca in cui i singoli uomini non fanno più la differenza, è morto l'ultimo della sua razza.PS: Non credevo di poter rimanere così male per la morte di un miliardario americano.
Thanks for the insight. It brings light into the dark!
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Pretendi il controllo autogestito in tempo reale delle tonnellate di materialeOh, no. Pretendo solo che quando viene segnalato un caso di pirateria da parte di chi a parole lotta contro la pirateria venga perseguito.Pretendo che chi va in giro a parlare di etica e rispetto del diritto d'autore sia il primo a rispettarlo.
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Mais est-ce un paradoxe ou une crainte de s’émanciper. Et cette émancipation encore impossible àl’heure actuelle n’est-elle pas àl’origine de nos derniers tabous? (notre engagement de gauche qui supporte bien toute les misères du monde, notre crainte humaniste de la mondialisation, etc…) Je continue àréfléchir…
Thanks for your thoughts. It’s helped me a lot.
Thinking like that shows an expert at work
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it even better than Jordan: If you’re the two-time defneding NBA MVP, you don’t leave anywhere. They come to you. That’s ridiculous. I like LeBron. He’s a great player. But I don’t think in the history of sports you can find a two-time defneding MVP leaving to go play with other people.
James,When i got done reading the WAPO story about Ms. Todd, i thought “How intense!”The story reads like a great spy novel, worthy of a Jason Bourne trilogy, and therein lies the problem.Is this news or entertainment? I am waiting for the disclaimer: “This story has been dramatized to brainwash the innocent.”Interesting nonetheless and i will eagerly read other viewpoints. What may appear as a “shadow government” or hidden hand might be part of the not-so-covert but official and on-going “secret” war against Iran. Nothing is as it seems.
At last! Someone with real expertise gives us the answer. Thanks!
Seems like an excellent place to promote partner accounts. Instead, we see major brands getting plugs like always. YouTube wants more content but they seem to refuse to promote any smaller brands who could actually attract new audiences for them. This is why more time isn't devoted to YouTube, what is the incentive when we get buried by million dollar brands?
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cncguidesPet Cemetery was my favorite. It is a slow buildup to the climax. If you like to watch him set up the dominoes for a few hundred pages just so he can knock them down, you will enjoy it.
Intresting. Margaret Atwood once confessed that she based "Handmaid's Tale" not on any Christian community, but on what she saw of Islam, in Afghanistan. I suspect we're more likely to get such a society if we stick with Obama, than under any Republican president, even one that pushes the dread "Family (aieeeeee!) values."/Iguna Donna
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TenÃa 11 años cuando vi El guateque y se me quedó grabada. Hemos perdido al que para mà fue, después de Lubitsch o Billy Wilder, gran maestro de la alta comedia. Un abrazo
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the rain is such a dampen to a trip not to mention bad eating experience on the first day! like you, i cannot take coconut oil smell in food .. yucks. strange that i have not read this in any other blog … but good tip! will try and avoid Phillipines in the future … does not look too promising. but how come you did not try spanish food there? i suppose it should be pretty alright since they were once colonise by them. besides, spanish food is really, really yummy .. if they do it like how they do in spain 🙂
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That’s great! Exciting to hear about your experience with reishi. I would love to have you post the recipe in the cooking section!I used to live in Santa Cruz, and I would pull them straight off the pine trees in the redwood forests. Then, I would boil whole reishi for a day. My friends and I swear by it, it would cure their cold!
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Hi again, Mary! Thanx for dropping by the other day – always a pleasure to hear from you, and even more of a pleasure to see the dish of the day!! Have a fab day!
Ed, you are to be complimented on the beautiful work you do. This blending of shapes and colours cannot be learned. Only the heart of a true artist could possibly attain what you have done. So very Wonderful to see …….Thank you for sharing ….
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Liebste GabiVielen Dank für Dein Mail. Wir haben mit Yoshi Tako gesprochen und ihm gesagt, dass Facebook nicht alles im Leben ist Just hat er alles wieder ins Lot gebracht und den Blog wieder auf den neusten Stand gebracht Er ist wieder da mit seinen NEWS aus dem AdventsalltagLieber GrussDie Miyukos
This is what the left intended the EU to be from the beginning, they are simply moving to create their idea of heaven. A place where they get to order everyone around and you can't talk back to them.
Yours is a clever way of thinking about it.
I bow down humbly in the presence of such greatness.
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Il commence à être fatigué, il arrose… En tout cas ça m'étonnerait qu'il fasse la coupe David cette fois. Allegro pourra p-e jouer son premier simple ailleurs qu'au TC Grône…
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“Political tags – such as royalist, communist, democrat, populist, fascist, liberal, conservative, and so forth – are never basic criteria. The human race divides politically into those who want people to be controlled and those who have no such desire.” — Robert Heinlein
Hm, I had no idea anyone was having success with this approach, but I do know that fat in food is the controller of satiety. I think I can see that working. The only problem being that most veg. oils are dreadfully unhealthy, excepting olive and coconut and some nut oils and so on. I’m scared of the sugar water.pbird
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Please teach the rest of these internet hooligans how to write and research!
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coalition.Iggy first off the mark. Duceppe back about 2004, and that letter. Iggy says no coalition. Duceppe will support one, but Quebec must come first. Now he is after iggy for signing the 2008 pact. THis could be interesting.
ich bin platt, jetzt fängt sie auch noch das Nähen an…. superschön und die Kombi Stempeln und Nähen finde ich megagenial.*knuddels* Sonja xx
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You make things so clear. Thanks for taking the time!
Har bara sett en spelare som är lika mycket ovän med bollen som Salomonsson, det är Erik Lund. Håller med om att Haglund och Dahlin är godkända, resten är mer eller mindre bedrövliga. Nästa år, om vi ska ha chans till SM-guld:AlvbågeLogi-Ny-Ny(ev Kalle)-DyreHaglund-Sana-NySobra-Söder-Tobbe
rather than “[email protected]”, you will be able to filter out any emails that come from that particular service -useful also to track spam. It can be useful in a classroom when your students don’t have an account (maybe because they are too small) – you can have all your class signing in to a site with one single email account!
 I gave up soft drinks 3 years ago. I drink water and have recentlystarted enjoying Perrier. I can’t imagine the damage I was doing to mykidneys when I drank Coke all the time. I have also kicked the fastfood habit as well. In the past year and a half I have only eaten fastfood twice. ÂÂ
Look at the serial numbers on each form. Obama's is 19 numbers LATER (…32) than the other guy's (…13), yet his signature date is 3 days EARLIER (July 30) than the other (Aug 2). One, or the other, a forgery? Another "tale of the mysterious" about this guy.
That’s a cunning answer to a challenging question
i agree with most comments above. I feel the extended roof would have had nice spatial/programmatic/functional consequences that would have been easily implemented. shame its not necessarily the case
Your story was really informative, thanks!
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I reckon you are quite dead on with that.
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Premier Wen Jiabao actually set a goal of 8% growth in GDP to be achieved by matrix of measures including expenditure of 4 Trillion RMB – see the speech he have at Davos. (If China achieves the growth that would almost the same as adding the equivalent of the economy of Saudi Arabia to the Chinese economy.)I don’t think China will avoid trouble but every effort is going to be made. China managed 9.8% growth with a major earthquake and massive flooding. There is cause for cautious optimism.Will it be enough to cover negative growth in Europe and North America? That I don’t know.
Great insight. Relieved I’m on the same side as you.
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Many, many regions on Earth entered into long, slow curves of grinding ecological decline because human cultures were advanced enough to chop the forests spread salt thru irrigation, protect herds that ravaged the land… but not advanced enough to know what they were doing. While clinging to social structures that actively delayed that day.Sure, that day might eventually come. But if it's grindingly slow, what kind of Earth would be left to pay the cost of interstellar culture? And if it's even slower elsewhere?