Nos anos 90, eu costumava entrar em discussões com amigos russos sobre o capitalismo. Esta era uma época em que a maioria dos jovens intelectuais da Europa de Leste abraçava avidamente tudo o que estava associado a esse sistema econômico particular, mesmo quando as massas proletárias de seus países permaneceram profundamente desconfiadas. Sempre que me referia a algum excesso criminoso de oligarcas e políticos corruptos que estavam privatizando seus países para seus próprios bolsos, eles simplesmente encolhiam os ombros.
“Se você olhar para a América, havia todos os tipos de golpes como aquele no século XIX com ferrovias e coisas do gênero”, eu me lembro de um alegre rapaz de óculos, de vinte e poucos anos, explicando para mim. “Nós ainda estamos no estágio selvagem. Sempre demora uma ou duas gerações para que o capitalismo se civilize”.
“E você realmente acha que o capitalismo vai fazer isso sozinho?”
“Olhe para a história, na América você teve seus barões ladrões, então – 50 anos depois – o New Deal. Na Europa, você tinha o estado de bem-estar social …”
“Mas, Sergei”, protestei (me esqueci do seu nome real), “isso não aconteceu porque os capitalistas simplesmente decidiram ser gentis, porque todos tinham medo de você”.
Ele parecia tocado por minha ingenuidade.
Naquela época, havia uma série de suposições que todo mundo tinha que aceitar, mesmo para ser permitido entrar em debate público sério. Eles foram apresentados como uma série de equações auto-evidentes. “O mercado” era equivalente ao capitalismo. O capitalismo significava riqueza exorbitante no topo, mas também significava rápido progresso tecnológico e crescimento econômico. Crescimento significou aumento da prosperidade e o aumento de uma classe média. A ascensão de uma classe média próspera, por sua vez, sempre acabaria por igualar a governabilidade democrática estável. Uma geração mais tarde, aprendemos que nenhuma dessas suposições pode mais ser considerada correta.
A importância real do best-seller de Thomas Piketty, “O Capital no século XXI”, é que ele demonstra, em detalhes excruciantes (e isso continua a ser verdade, apesar de algumas disputas petulantes previsíveis) que, no caso de pelo menos uma equação básica, os números simplesmente não batem. O capitalismo não contém uma tendência inerente a se civilizar. Deixado por conta própria, pode-se esperar que crie taxas de retorno sobre o investimento muito mais altas do que as taxas globais de crescimento econômico que o único resultado possível será transferir mais e mais riqueza para as mãos de uma elite hereditária de investidores, para o empobrecimento substantivo de todos os outros.
Em outras palavras, o que aconteceu na Europa Ocidental e na América do Norte entre 1917 e 1975 – quando o capitalismo realmente criou um crescimento elevado e uma menor desigualdade – era algo de uma anomalia histórica. Há uma percepção crescente entre os historiadores econômicos de que esse era realmente o caso. Existem muitas teorias sobre o porquê. Adair Turner, ex-presidente da Autoridade de Serviços Financeiros, sugere que foi a natureza particular da tecnologia industrial de meados do século que permitiu altas taxas de crescimento e um movimento sindical de massa. O próprio Piketty aponta para a destruição do capital durante as guerras mundiais, e as altas taxas de tributação e regulação que a mobilização de guerra permitiu. Outros têm explicações diferentes.
Sem dúvida, muitos fatores estavam envolvidos, mas quase todo mundo parece estar ignorando o mais óbvio. O período em que o capitalismo parecia capaz de prover uma prosperidade ampla e expansiva também foi precisamente o período em que os capitalistas sentiram que não eram o único jogo na cidade: quando enfrentavam um rival global no bloco soviético, os movimentos revolucionários anticapitalistas do Uruguai até a China, e pelo menos a possibilidade de levantes de trabalhadores em casa. Em outras palavras, ao invés de altas taxas de crescimento permitindo maior riqueza para os capitalistas espalharem-se, o fato de que os capitalistas sentiram a necessidade de comprar pelo menos parte da classe trabalhadora colocaram mais dinheiro nas mãos das pessoas comuns, Foi em grande parte responsável pelas notáveis taxas de crescimento econômico que marcaram a “idade de ouro” do capitalismo.
Desde a década de 1970, à medida que uma ameaça política significativa recuou, as coisas voltaram ao seu estado normal: isto é, às desigualdades selvagens, com um 1% miserável presidindo uma ordem social marcada por uma crescente estagnação social, econômica e mesmo tecnológica. Foi precisamente o fato de que pessoas como meu amigo russo acreditavam que o capitalismo inevitavelmente se civilizaria, o que garantiu que não mais tinha que fazê-lo.
Piketty, em contraste, começa seu livro denunciando “a retórica preguiçosa do anticapitalismo”. Ele não tem nada contra o próprio capitalismo – ou mesmo, para essa matéria, a desigualdade. Ele só quer dar um controle sobre a tendência do capitalismo para criar uma classe inútil de rentistas parasitários. Como resultado, ele argumenta que a esquerda deve se concentrar na eleição de governos dedicados a criar mecanismos internacionais para tributar e regular a riqueza concentrada. Algumas de suas sugestões – um imposto de renda de 80%! – pode parecer radical, mas ainda estamos falando de um homem que, tendo demonstrado o capitalismo é um aspirador de pó gigantesco sugando riqueza nas mãos de uma pequena elite, insiste em que não basta desconectar a máquina, mas tentar construir Aspirador um pouco menor, aspirando na direção oposta.
O que é mais engraçado , ele não parece entender que não importa quantos livros ele vende, ou quantas reuniões de cúpula ele mantém com luminares financeiros ou membros da elite política, o fato de que em 2014 um intelectual francês de esquerda pode seguramente declarar que ele não quer derrubar o sistema capitalista, mas apenas para salvá-lo de si mesmo é a razão de tais reformas nunca acontecerão. Os 1% não estão prestes a expropriar-se, mesmo se solicitado muito bem. E passaram os últimos 30 anos criando um bloqueio na mídia e na política para garantir que ninguém o faça por meios eleitorais.
Como ninguém em seu juízo perfeito gostaria de ressuscitar algo como a União Soviética, não vamos ver nada parecido com a democracia social do meio do século criada para combatê-la. Se quisermos uma alternativa à estagnação, ao empobrecimento e à devastação ecológica, teremos que descobrir uma maneira de desligar a máquina e começar de novo.
Se tiver que existir capitalismo, que seja dessa forma, capitalismo social democrata, o Estado impondo limites a besta fera, o Estado zelando para os mais pobres diminuindo a desigualdade e criando uma meritocracia mais justa, porque caso contrário é melhor abolir o Estado burgês como o comunismo sempre pretendeu e criar algo novo.
This is something I’ve been working on with my daughter for quite some time. Y’know what?! The moment I stopped constantly telling her &##316;no’&88220; she stopped saying it all the time. Rather she is so much more receptive to things now and actually willing to listen. Their little minds work in wonderous ways!
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That kind of thinking shows you’re on top of your game
Dat ziet er goed uit. Wat een stapel die zal jullie van de winter heerlijk warm houden, ik weet waar ik heen moet als ik het hier niet meer warm krijg LOL.
An interesting discussion is worth comment. I think that you should write more on this topic, it might not be a taboo subject but generally people are not enough to speak on such topics. To the next. Cheers
This insight’s just the way to kick life into this debate.
about your son and printed it out of context. I can relate on a very small scale. I was profiled as an “overboader” by the largest paper in my state (nothing big like the NYT or Oprah), and its amazing how people came out of the woodwork to contact me and comment.
Smack-dab what I was looking for-ty!
Intelligence and simplicity – easy to understand how you think.
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Hey, you’re the goto expert. Thanks for hanging out here.
Isn’t this how all elite blacks are? They whine about themselve and they whien about their “brothers,” but have you ever met an elite black who cares about Yugoslavia, people in Tibet, poor white people, the Sunni-Shia conflict, or any African war that doesn’t involve mean white people?Reminds me of when I went to see the Dalai Lama speak in Chicago. The audience (except for a few Tibetans) was 100% white. And probably all those whites were whiterpeople- except for yours truly.
Last one to utilize this is a rotten egg!
I’m a newbie with ModPodge and have only used it to make a recycled magazine holder so I’d love to win this book and make lots more! Thanks for the chance to win!
You can take them on vacation for use in campgrounds and parks. E-bikes have made the scene across the globe, with kiosks set up for renting the vehicles that will offer a variety of more than 20 products to choose from.
Your’s is a point of view where real intelligence shines through.
« pourquoi est-ce triste est lamentable de vendre des articles sexuels ? » Ce qui est lamentable c’est que l’affairisme – légal ou pas- est désormais la norme qui régit les comportements, que l’appât du gain est une valeur morale, l’intégration àcette société de merde suppose désormais d’avoir le goût et/ou de défendre le profit. Signe des temps, le pdt est un ancien de la haute école de commerce….
That’s a mold-breaker. Great thinking!
Partenopeo, wow non oso immaginare cosa chiede Mazzarri…mi preoccupo a questo punto. Poi però vedo giocare Donadel …..ah vero meglio di Cigarini per voi…
Fell out of bed feeling down. This has brightened my day!
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Damn, I wish I could think of something smart like that!
You’ve got it in one. Couldn’t have put it better.
You'd figure the government would've learned something from the Prohibition era. Alcohol was banned, but people who wanted to drink still did, legit businesses closed down (also costing the gov't huge amounts of money in taxes), and organized crime soared.Well, I guess people who don't know history are doomed to repeat it.
I can’t hear anything over the sound of how awesome this article is.
What I find so interesting is you could never find this anywhere else.
da, foarte interesante au fost subiectele scrise de voi si cred ca am sa renunt la windows pt linux asa ca te rog domnule Alexandru sa ma ajuti in aceasta problema, am citi aproape toate articolele scrise de tine in legatura ( cum se instaleaza un nou soft ) dar inca mai am nelamuriri..
yes the name means a lot …and you are right it becomes sort of one’s personality with the years …..I would never trade my name ….even though again u r the last person to be called in the school attendance…..but i would hate to be the first with ‘A’ coz the later your name comes gives you enough chances to be with your thoughts ….lol
I thank you humbly for sharing your wisdom JJWY
Squee! 1.) I love the whole outfit!2.) We wear our hair alike.3.) I don't have much vintage either cause mostly it's for the lucky waifish types.4.) I admire that you can make Old Navy and Target look so good!5.) I don't think you should be insecure since you're really quite marvelous!
Thanks for the insight. It brings light into the dark!
It’s great to read something that’s both enjoyable and provides pragmatisdc solutions.
Glad I’ve finally found something I agree with!
I do love the way you have presented this specific concern plus it does indeed offer us some fodder for consideration. Nevertheless, coming from everything that I have experienced, I simply hope when other reviews stack on that individuals continue to be on point and in no way start upon a tirade involving the news du jour. All the same, thank you for this fantastic piece and while I do not necessarily concur with the idea in totality, I regard your viewpoint.
Times are changing for the better if I can get this online!
I agree with your main theory concerning all of this, as I have experienced it personally in every relationship I've ever had. Because of my awareness concerning these hormonal conflicts and other biological dilemmas, I ended up staying in horrible relationships and consenting a great deal of dignity for entirely too long. Understanding these things can be helpful tools in mending relationships, but they can also be wonderful rationalization defense mechanism fodder.
I came via BlogHer and am so glad to have found this post. While I won't duplicate my full comments here, I will say I am tempted to have handbag buttons made so that we can stand in solidarity with the amazing public school teachers in this country. Did you happen to read the incredible article on three generations of public educators in GOOD magazine earlier this year? I'd be happy to email you the link if you'd like. Love that magazine and that piece stayed with me.
Cool! That’s a clever way of looking at it!
Elise – To everyone who mentioned the dress: I want to give credit to Angela Vaden, who not only made me exactly what I wanted, but did it without ever seeing me or doing a single fitting ( I found her on etsy ).Andria- thanks again for the beautiful photos, I thought perhaps you posted the best of the best, but no, every single one of the thousand you sent us are amazing. <3
What a joy to find someone else who thinks this way.
I can’t believe I’ve been going for years without knowing that.
That takes us up to the next level. Great posting.
And I was just wondering about that too!
A simple and intelligent point, well made. Thanks!
Glad I’ve finally found something I agree with!
At last! Someone who understands! Thanks for posting!
To think, I was confused a minute ago.
Sharp thinking! Thanks for the answer.
Loved your entry on the Chicago Marathon. I too was a participant and was forced to stop at mile 16. Hey did you hear we could do the Denver marathon for free this weekend….rrriiiiggghhhtttt…keep up the great blog I will visit again!
Now I’m like, well duh! Truly thankful for your help.
help make myself have a more toned body like a swimmer or diver. I recently started running and riding a bike (for when its raining), i primarily want to target my abdominals and pecks, anything helps! thank you
I really wish there were more articles like this on the web.
All things considered, this is a first class post
Master Bill,Thank you for your supportive comments, and especially for the additional VWSI data. As we agree on the mean-reversion nature of the VIX, I suppose it is natural that we both feel a snapback to higher levels is likely. As I am currently long VIX vegas, I’d also like to see higher implied volatility levels in the VIX, though I’ll admit it’s unlikely to go much over 100% soon unless the market gets fearful and bids up VIX premiums…. I’m probably being too greedy here. :)And yes, I’ll go get my head examined whether the market agrees with me or not! :DBest regadrds,Felix
Finally! This is just what I was looking for.
Glad I’ve finally found something I agree with!
You’ve impressed us all with that posting!
Hey, killer job on that one you guys!
Simon, I believe you refer to the RER – respiratory exchange ratio. And yes you’re absolutely right. Discovering the HR at which your RER is below 1.0 is crucial for endurance athletes. Though, training above it is the way to improve it. Nice post! Never seen anyone talk about this before, and it’s very important!
Taking the overview, this post is first class
I am so partial to those owls. We have a pair that hoot out our window each night…and they've had babies for about 6 years now..so I have heard since I have only lived here 2..but I have seen those white puffs of fur with my own eyes two doors down
disse:I’m a very long time watcher and I just believed I’d stop by and say hello there for that first time. I truly take pleasure in your posts. Thank you
Extra funds would be terrific for our cricket club to help all our young cricketers especially as we have had the club broken into and the covers slashed all within the past few months.
Pleasing you should think of something like that
You are so awesome for helping me solve this mystery.
This forum needed shaking up and you’ve just done that. Great post!
Ã’þт ÑÂтþ ôð!:Úþô ôûѠòÑÂтðòúøÚрþüõ úðú þтüõтøть þÿõчðтúу ñþûьшõ ýøчõóþ ýõ üþöõтõ? Ôõôушúð, òðü ÿþрð ýð ÿõчúу!
All of these articles have saved me a lot of headaches.
Die dänische Minderheit bestimmt die Ausgestaltung ihrer Schulform in den wesentlichen Teilen selbst.Die Proteste der Eltern und Schüler halte ich auch für berechtigt. Bereits im ersten Absatz des Artikels steht deshalb: “Warum die Forderung nach Gleichstellung richtig […] ist, davon handelt dieser Artikel.”Wir sind also im Ergebnis nicht weit auseinander.
I’m backing a real “Ed”…Ed Balls…The guy that’s The Labour Man ready to be Labour Leader without his mum in the background tearing her heart out betwixt fractious competing siblings as Mrs. Miliband must be plucking heartstrings either for her boy David or for her young Ed.
Hallelujah! I needed this-you’re my savior.
I could read a book about this without finding such real-world approaches!
Leftover life to kill – Caitlin ThomasJournal d’un homme de 30 ans – François MauriacLe mal et la souffrance – Louis LavelleModern woman : the lost sex – Marynia F. FarnhamLoneliness – Clark E. Moustakas
Anna Flávia disse:Aonde eu acho esse All Star para comprar ????Estou louca pelo 2º modelo, mas não acho em loja nenhuma …Me ajuda.Bjss
This forum needed shaking up and you’ve just done that. Great post!
La meva visió és més pesimista. Trobo que l’especulació seguirà existint amb la mateixa intensitat i influència, i que bà sicament, els que acabarem pagant la discutida taxa serem els ciutadans a través d’un increment en les comissions bancà ries…
Ah, adorei a resenha. *o*E o MEU exemplar do livro acabou de chegar. :DEstou louca para devora-lo. :PBeijos. :*P.S: Essa semana goi recheadinha de livros pra mim, finalmente neah Carol. ;D;D[]garotaquele Reply:June 13th, 2011 at 10:47 amLeeeeeeia![]
I do see the difference and I think you’re right about another way to employ that expression. I just don’t think that’s the way the kid I described was using it. You’re getting at an appropriate kind of shame and I completely agree.
omg fake no1 his controler is off and no 2 if you stop te video at 1.10 you can see the squere to respon is from a ps3 and hes got an xbox
Thinking like that is really impressive
GO TO YOUR BIAFRA & LETS SEE WHO WILL SURVIVE & WHO WILL NOT SURVIVE.LETS SEE WHO WILL CRY WHEN EVERY NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES CLOSE THEIR BORDERS,WHEN THEY WILL NOT ALLOW YOU TO COMMIT CRIMES IN THEIR COUTRIES & BIAFRANS ARE LEFT TO FEED ON LOUSE ON THE BODIES OF THEIR DOGS & DRINK THEIR URINE JUST LIKE WHAT THEY FED ON DURING THE WAR.
I feel so much happier now I understand all this. Thanks!
I’m so glad I found my solution online.
I went to tons of links before this, what was I thinking?
Hi Linda!! It is so good to be here and to see such a gorgeous card, love the vintage feel you have given it! I love your design paper, your hearts (non traditional colors) and the lamp is so perfect for your sentiment!! Gorgeous!!hugsdonna
Yeah that’s what I’m talking about baby–nice work!
LOL posing the hot chocolate. Love it. I thought for sure you’d have the bigger mug. I would! Craving hot chocolate, instead I’ll opt for tea since it’s all I have here.
You whet our appetite for your recap of your exciting weekend with photos and summaries published above! Have a nice sleep – look forward to the recap!
If my problem was a Death Star, this article is a photon torpedo.
You really found a way to make this whole process easier.
Shoot, who would have thought that it was that easy?
Primer pas positiu amb l’Ajuntament de Mollet, tot un èxit després de dos anys lluitant per poder organitzar algun partit com a locals.Ara toca seguir lluitant i aconseguir tenir el camp per als entrenaments.Moltes grà cies a tots per l’esforç del dia a dia, a l’Ajuntament per aquest gest de confiança, però sobretot moltes grà cies al Centre d’Estudis Mollet per cedir-nos la pista per poder entrenar.
These topics are so confusing but this helped me get the job done.
Mati, enterra ese vikingo en las vias del tren porque dicen que se te cae el pito al piso si se levanta cruzado.Saludos, gracias por todas estas tardes magicas!
Such an impressive answer! You’ve beaten us all with that!
If I communicated I could thank you enough for this, I’d be lying.
So basically we need someone doing work in a similar area, such as working with period cookbooks or something, to get into a copyright fight with one of these libraries regarding their (completely incorrect) policies and have some relevant legal case law established. Really it is a shame because what the libraries are doing is a direct violation of the spirit of copyright in its original format.Bummer.
That’s an astute answer to a tricky question
Whoever wrote this, you know how to make a good article.
Thanks guys, I just about lost it looking for this.
Gee whiz, and I thought this would be hard to find out.
I feel satisfied after reading that one.
That’s really thinking at an impressive level
Clear, informative, simple. Could I send you some e-hugs?
That’s a sensible answer to a challenging question
TMM comentou em 9 de julho de 2012 às 15:38. Uauuuuuuu!!! Arrasou! Como nos passa Woody Allen em Meia Noite em Paris… nós não precisamos de pessoas que não nos acrescentam nada! Por isso, essas meninas deveriam parar de achar que são infelizes pq nao tem um bolsa Hermés para poder achar que é it girls…
That saves me. Thanks for being so sensible!
Finding this post solves a problem for me. Thanks!
Mighty useful. Make no mistake, I appreciate it.
Gorgeous cards Bev, love the magnolia card you've made, those colours are gorg and that image is lovely. Also love the new Whiff of Joy image. If you rushed that card, my god I wish mine looked like that and I take ages lol x
Hey, that’s powerful. Thanks for the news.
That’s way more clever than I was expecting. Thanks!
Whoever edits and publishes these articles really knows what they’re doing.
OK correction- I just got a pood lesson (thanks EROC)KB clean and press was 39.6 lbs which is over one pood and under 1.5 pood which I now know is 54lbswhy don’t we say lbs again?Oh also open gym:watched Gym Belle do ring dips as is if was no big deal. Did a few pull ups and ran out of there.D/U = fail
Not bad at all fellas and gallas. Thanks.
I remember that you mentioned that in the podcast a while back and was reminded in one of the articles. Started out as Ferry. Changed to Fieri to sound more ethnic. Pronounces it as Fietty for some reason. Whatever he calls himself, he's definitely jumped on the express train to Doucheville. By the way, one of the best comments I've read this week. "Libertarianism is just anarchy for rich people." I thought that summed things up nicely.
And I was just wondering about that too!
seem to think of anything to write…about.i have come up with a list of 25 blogging ideas and tips i have found will ward off that annoying writer’s block. here goes:review a product. who doesn’t like to find out if a product is worth the money or…
Thanks for introducing a little rationality into this debate.